Valves can be divided into three main categories.

Manual: These basic valves allow manual control of the flow of hot water inwards. They typically have a simple on/off function and are operated by hand.

Thermostatic (TRVs): These valves regulate the flow of hot water into radiators based on room temperature, helping to maintain a consistent level of warmth. They automatically adjust the heat output, reducing energy consumption and improving comfort.

Lockshield: Lockshield valves are used to balance the flow of hot water between different radiators in a heating system. They are typically paired with manual or thermostatic valves.

If you would like to find out more, read our helpful blog post, 'Are valves universal?'

Manual valves and thermostatic valves (TRVs) serve different purposes in regulating a radiator's heat output. Manual valves require physical adjustments to control the flow of hot water inwards, operating on a basic on/off mechanism or allowing for manual modulation of heat output. In contrast, TRVs automatically adjust this flow based on the ambient room temperature to maintain a desired level of warmth, improving energy efficiency and comfort without the need for manual intervention. While manual valves offer straightforward, user-controlled operation, TRVs provide a more sophisticated, self-regulating heating solution that can lead to energy savings by automatically reducing heat output once the room reaches the set temperature.

Yes, valves are specifically designed to control the flow of hot water inwards. They regulate the amount of hot water entering, thereby controlling the heat output. There are two main types of valves: manual and thermostatic. Manual  valves allow for basic control, letting users manually adjust the flow of hot water. Thermostatic valves (TRVs), on the other hand, automatically adjust the flow based on the room's temperature, providing a more consistent level of warmth and potentially improving energy efficiency by reducing the heat output when the desired temperature is reached.

Angled, straight, and corner valves are designed to fit different installation requirements based on how the pipework is arranged in relation to the inlet and outlet.

Angled Valves: These are best used when the pipes come from the floor and the inlet or outlet is on the side of the radiator in a horizontal plane. The valves connect at a 90-degree angle, making them ideal for many standard installations.

Straight Valves: These valves are used when the pipes come up from the floor and the connections are on the bottom in a vertical plane. Straight valves connect in a linear fashion without any bends. This installation is most commonly seen in towel radaitors.

Corner Valves: Corner valves are best used when the pipes come from the wall and the inlet and outlet are positioned on either side in a horizontal plane. Corner valves effectively make a 90-degree turn, allowing for a neater installation, and their design means that the head of the valve stands upward rather than into the room.

Yes, valves come in different sizes and thread types to accommodate various pipework dimensions and inlets. The most common sizes and thread types for radiator valves are:

Thread Sizes for the Radiator Connection: The most standard thread size for radiator connections in the UK  is 1/2 inch BSP (British Standard Pipe). However, some, especially older or specialised models, might use a 3/4-inch BSP thread.

Pipework Connection Sizes: The external pipework that connects to the valves can vary in size, with the most common sizes being 15mm and occasionally 22mm in diameter for domestic heating systems in the UK. In some cases, particularly in older systems or those designed for specific performance characteristics, you might encounter 10mm or 8mm pipework.

Adapters and Reducers: For situations where the valve and pipework sizes do not match, adapters and reducers are available. These fittings allow you to connect valves of one size to pipes of another, ensuring compatibility across a range of installations.

The most common materials used in the manufacturing of valves include:

Brass is the most popular material for valves due to its excellent corrosion resistance, durability, and ability to withstand high temperatures. It's also easy to machine and can be finished in various ways (chrome plating, nickel plating, etc.) to match different designs and room aesthetics.

ABS plastic is often used for components of radiator valves, particularly thermostatic valves (TRVs) for the temperature adjustment controls or decorating caps.

Chrome is not a material in itself but a finish. It provides a shiny, reflective surface that is easy to clean and resistant to corrosion, making it a popular choice for bathrooms and towel rails.

Nickel plating is another example of a finish option for valves, offering a slightly warmer tone than chrome. It's durable and corrosion-resistant, making it suitable for a wide range of interior designs.

Valves require regular maintenance to ensure optimal performance and efficiency of your heating system. This includes periodic visual inspections for signs of wear or damage, cleaning to remove dust and debris, operational checks to ensure smooth functioning, and checking for leaks. Bleeding radiators to remove trapped air and ensuring thermostatic valves (TRVs) are not obstructed can also improve heating efficiency. For more complex issues or routine checks, professional servicing by a heating engineer is recommended. Regular maintenance helps prevent leaks, maintains heating efficiency, and extends the lifespan of your heating system components.

Valves can typically be replaced without needing to replace the entire radiator. Valves are often connected via threaded fittings, making them relatively easy to remove and replace. It's recommended to turn off the heating system, let it cool, and drain any water before replacing the valve. If you're unsure or uncomfortable with the process, it's advisable to seek assistance from a professional plumber or heating engineer.   We have a detailed post to see if it is a job for you - 'How to replace a valve'.

When installing or using valves, it's crucial to prioritise safety. Always turn off the heating system before any work and ensure proper pressure relief to prevent overpressure situations. Check for leaks, ensure compliance with safety standards.  If in doubt, have valves installed by a qualified plumber or heating engineer to ensure they are correctly fitted.

Common problems with valves include leaks, sticking, corrosion, airlocks, and thermostat failure. These issues can be addressed through repair or replacement, lubrication, cleaning, bleeding the radiator, and thermostat calibration. Regular maintenance is crucial to prevent problems, and seeking professional assistance may be necessary for persistent issues.